A Timeline of Oxford

By Tim Lambert

Late 9th Century

Alfred the Great creates a fortified settlement at Oxford

911

Oxford is first mentioned in writing. It is a small but flourishing market town.

1009

The Danes burn Oxford

1018

A conference is held at Oxford following a dispute over who is king of England

1072

The Normans build a fort at Oxford

1086

Oxford has a population of about 5,000

1142

During a civil war, Oxford is burned

1167

Oxford University is founded

1228, 1236, 1238, 1248, 1272 and 1298

Riots take place at Oxford

1258

Rebel barons meet at Oxford and force the king to accept reforms called the Provisions of Oxford

1355

Three days of fighting between townspeople and students at Oxford

1542

Despite the decline, Oxford is made a city and given a bishop

1550

Oxford has declined since the Middle Ages and only has a population of about 3,500. The townspeople rely on the students to buy their goods.

1603

Oxford suffers an outbreak of plague

1625-26

Plague strikes Oxford again

1642

During the Civil War, royalists occupy Oxford

1651

The first coffee house in England opens in Oxford

1659

A free grammar school opens in Oxford

1770

Radcliffe Infirmary is built. Oxford remains a quiet market town.

1771

A body of men is formed to pave, clean, and light the streets of Oxford (with oil lamps)

1774

A covered market is built for vegetables, meat, and fish

1776

New Road is built

1801

Oxford has a population of nearly 12,000

1819

Oxford is lit by gas

1826

Warneford Hospital is built

1832

Cholera strikes Oxford

1844

A railway is built from Oxford to London

1847

Littlemore Hospital is built

1849

Cholera strikes Oxford again

1854

Another outbreak of cholera in Oxford

1860

The Natural History Museum opens

1889

Oxford is made a county borough

1892

The first electricity generating station in Oxford opens

1910

The first cinema in Oxford opens

1913

Morris begins making cars in Oxford

1924

The Museum of the History of Science opens

1926

Christchurch Memorial Gardens are laid out

1934

Hinksey Park opens

1936

Oxford Police Station is built

1938

Oxford airport opens

1940

Churchill Hospital is built

1952

Cutteslowe Park is laid out

1965

Templars Square Shopping Centre is completed

1966

The Gallery of Modern Art opens

1970

Queen Street is pedestrianised

1972

Westgate Shopping Centre opens

1975

The Museum of Oxford opens

1991

A Science Park opens

2011

The population of Oxford is 149,000